Mr. President,
Thank you for convening this meeting on the review of UN peace operations mandated by the Pact for the Future.
Since the Council last addressed this topic in July, we have continued our extensive consultations process. Over 40 Member States responded to our call for written inputs and offered ideas and reflections. More than 20 civil society organizations contributed inputs so far. This work continues, with more engagements to come.
One message is clear in these contributions: for eight decades, UN peace operations have been an essential instrument of multilateral action for peace. They have enabled the United Nations to deliver effective responses to critical peace and security challenges. They have saved lives.
The spectrum of these operations is broad and diverse: it ranges from special envoys, regional offices and expert panels supporting Sanctions Committees to peacebuilding and electoral support initiatives. And it includes observer and verification missions and multidimensional peacekeeping operations that combine troops, police and civilian capabilities.
In many contexts, different types of mission have been co-deployed to provide the mix of peace support needed.
Today, our missions operate in an environment marked by increasing geopolitical fragmentation.
Conflicts have become more internationalized, with the involvement of global or regional actors influencing their internal dynamics. Meanwhile, non-state armed groups continue to proliferate. Many use terrorist tactics or espouse unclear political objectives, challenging traditional peacemaking approaches.
New technologies, from AI to drones, are being weaponized on an industrial scale, increasing both the lethality of violence and the likelihood of escalation. And transnational drivers, such as organized crime, are now a regular facet of the conflict landscape.
These trends have made peacemaking and conflict resolution harder to achieve today.
Opinions diverge among Member States, especially within the Security Council and among host states, on how and to what end peace operations should be deployed, and what the conditions are for their success. This is why a review on the future of UN peace operations is timely.
Mr. President,
To draw lessons for the future, we must learn from the past.
Throughout its history, the United Nations has grappled with intractable conflicts and deep divisions.
Special political missions have been at the forefront of the Organization’s response. From supporting decolonization in Libya and facilitating peace agreements in Central America, to helping South Africa organize its first post-apartheid elections, these missions have supported close to 100 countries across all regions of the world.
They have helped end wars. In Nepal, between 2007 and 2011, our mission helped transform a ceasefire between the Government and the Communist Party of Nepal into a permanent, sustainable peace and political transition.
They have allowed Member States, and the Security Council itself, to find common ground and advance political solutions even at times of high political tensions and deep ideological divisions.
During the Cold War, for example, shuttle diplomacy by the Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Afghanistan between Moscow, Washington, Islamabad and Kabul led to indirect negotiations and eventually laid the ground for the 1988 Geneva Accords, which ended the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.
In order to inform this review of peace operations, we analyzed the history and practice of special political missions deployed since the creation of the United Nations.
Their experiences revealed the following.
First, many of our missions were timebound and targeted. The focus was on a political task, without additional activities overextending the mission’s mandate and focus.
Second, most missions were nimble, easy to deploy, economical to maintain without major overheads and costs.
Third, their mandates were often written concisely and directly manner – sometimes one or two sentences only in a Security Council resolution. This gave the missions clear directions, but also a degree of flexibility in implementing them.
Fourth, missions took great advantage of existing capabilities at Headquarters – from senior officials to substantive experts. These were used as deployable assets, leveraging their political knowledge and diplomatic experience.
Fifth, missions were proactive in using the Secretary-General’s good offices, both through his immediate office and that of his representatives and the UN Secretariat.
Mr. President,
Based on our analysis of past deployments, recent UN reform efforts in peace and security, and consultations held so far, we see three important priorities for designing special political missions today:
First, most of our missions today are deployed in the absence of a comprehensive peace agreement.
Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, peace agreements were the foundation for the work of peace operations. They encompassed the ambitious commitments that conflict parties undertook across multiple areas, from electoral and constitutional processes to security sector reform and transitional justice. Our peace operations, in turn, could be equally ambitious as were, for example, our missions in Cambodia and Timor Leste.
Today, comprehensive peace agreements are the exception, not the norm. Our missions are often deployed in politically volatile situations, sometimes amid ongoing civil wars.
In such situations, the initial goals of our missions should be more limited – such as preventing a deterioration of violence, achieving a ceasefire, or helping a fragile incipient peace process get off the ground. At the same time, they could retain flexibility and adaptability to scale up and seize opportunities at a later stage to advance more ambitious political solutions.
Second, we must continue to improve coordination between peace operations and United Nations country teams.
We must build on the concerted efforts we have made over the years to strengthen the complementarity of our political, development, humanitarian and human rights work.
This is an all-of-UN endeavour, and different bodies, especially the Peacebuilding Commission, can play a critical role. I am confident that the 2025 Review of the Peacebuilding Architecture will help us make additional gains.
Third, the diversity of situations in which our missions are asked to deploy today means that it is essential for mandates to avoid one-size-fits-all approaches.
Accordingly, the Secretariat must provide the Security Council with varied and realistic options for the design of new operations. For this purpose, we will examine how to further improve our planning capacities, enhance creativity and innovation in how missions can be configured, to inform mandate renewals, and to improve transitions.
Mr. President,
There is one fundamental fact that no review, no matter how extensive or ambitious, can change: the failure or weak implementation of mandates is often related to the lack of political support for such operations – in the countries where they are deployed, among regional countries and sometimes in the Council, itself.
We will therefore need to engage with a laser like focus on bringing the emphasis back to the political questions at the heart of each conflict and finding multilateral responses to them.
We look forward to working with you to strengthen the effectiveness of our missions, and to further enhance the trust in their work.
Thank you.
A Russian airstrike on a Ukrainian village in the frontline region of Donetsk on Tuesday has reportedly killed more than 20 – including many elderly civilians who were lining up to collect pension payments.
A high-level independent rights probe into the brutal war in Sudan condemned the many grave crimes committed by all combatants, citing evidence indicating that civilians have been “deliberately targeted, displaced and starved”.
Nepal’s Prime Minister resigned on Tuesday following a violent crackdown on youth-led anti-corruption protests left at least 19 dead and hundreds injured, prompting urgent appeals from the United Nations for restraint and dialogue.
With a record number of active conflicts worldwide, the Security Council met on Tuesday to debate the future of UN peace operations.
Global military spending reached an unprecedented $2.7 trillion in 2024 amid intensifying wars and rising geopolitical tensions worldwide.
The UN Secretary-General has condemned an Israeli strike targeting Hamas leaders in Doha, the capital of Qatar, on Tuesday, while highlighting the “very positive role” played by the country in achieving a ceasefire in Gaza and securing the release of hostages.
As the UN General Assembly opened its 80th session on Tuesday, new President Annalena Baerbock called on Member States to unite in addressing global crises – from war and poverty to climate change – taking her oath on the original 1945 Charter and pledging to lead with courage and inclusiveness.
At least 15 people have been killed in Nepal, and over 100 injured, in large-scale youth protests that erupted in the capital and other cities on Monday following a Government ban on social media platforms, amid wider concerns over corruption, inequality and lack of accountability.
The UN chief has added his strong condemnation of Russian strikes overnight into Sunday targeting Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities which killed dozens – including children – and damaged civilian infrastructure.
UN rights chief Volker Türk on Monday condemned what he called a worldwide “glorification of violence” which is underway, as well as “coordinated efforts” to undermine fundamental birthrights. “It is time for States to wake up and to act,” he insisted.
At least 15 people have been killed in Nepal, and over 100 injured, in large-scale youth protests that erupted in the capital and other cities on Monday following a Government ban on social media platforms.
Two Palestinian gunmen opened fire at a bus stop in Jerusalem on Monday, killing at least six people and leaving others wounded, some in a serious condition, according to Israeli authorities.
The narrow window to prevent the spread of famine from northern Gaza to other parts of the Strip is closing fast, the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator said on Sunday.
A baby was among those killed overnight into Sunday during what was reportedly Russia’s large aerial assault on Ukraine since its full-scale invasion began in 2022.
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Standing behind the United Nations rostrum on the International Day Against Nuclear Tests, Oemwa Johnson, one of the younger members in the room, called on the General Assembly to heed a growing global call for nuclear justice.
As the nearly 30-month-long conflict in Sudan between rival militaries grinds on, looting, burning, and shelling continues to destroy livelihoods and hope.
The UN aid coordination office, OCHA, has released $10 million in response to the urgent need for food, water, shelter and other lifesaving provisions following this week’s devastating earthquakes and aftershocks in Afghanistan.
Sexual violence is rife in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but urgently needed assistance for survivors has had to be halted as sweeping funding cuts bite, the UN human rights office, OHCHR, warned on Friday.
As the death toll from the Afghanistan earthquake disaster jumped to more than 2,200 on Thursday, UN agencies continued to help, while calling for funding to help build sturdier housing to withstand future shocks.
Nearly four years into Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and 11 years since conflict began, the toll on mental health across the country is severe.
A massive assistance mission for earthquake survivors continued in Afghanistan on Wednesday as aid teams tackled blocked roads and downed communications lines in a bid to reach the most remote communities still in need of help.
Secretary-General António Guterres said on Wednesday he was “profoundly saddened” by the death and destruction caused by the recent floods in northern Pakistan. The current death toll stands at over 400.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for strengthening multilateralism – and appealed for peace in Gaza, Ukraine and beyond – in remarks to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Tianjin, China, on Monday.
Assistant Secretary-General for Europe, Central Asia and the Americas Miroslav Jenča
Remarks to the Security Council
On the Maintenance of Peace and Security of Ukraine
New York, 29 June 2025
Mr. President,
Yesterday, the Secretary-General condemned the Russian Federation’s overnight missile and drone attacks that killed and injured many civilians, including children, across Ukraine.
According to Ukrainian officials, the Russian Federation launched 598 drones and 31 missiles against Ukraine overnight between 27 and 28 August.
In the capital city of Kyiv, at least 23 people, including four children aged between two and 17, were reportedly killed. At least 64 people, including seven children, were injured.
Several buildings were damaged in 33 locations across all 10 districts of the city.
Most of the fatalities occurred in the Darnytskyi district of Kyiv, where a missile reportedly struck a five-story residential building, demolishing it from the first to the fifth floor.
The attack also severely damaged the diplomatic premises of the delegation of the European Union in Kyiv and the British Council building.
Across Ukraine, air raid sirens kept residents awake seeking shelter in nearly all regions of the country.
Civilian casualties were reported in Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Kherson regions of Ukraine. In Vinnytsia region, a Russian attack reportedly struck a train depot.
Yesterday’s strikes are only the latest in the brutal escalation of country-wide aerial attacks.
Just a week ago, overnight between 21-22 August, Russia reportedly launched 574 drones and 40 missiles on Ukraine.
As a result, one person was killed in the western city of Lviv.
In the south-western Transcarpathia region, 15 people were wounded.
These strikes on regions far from the frontlines demonstrate the dangerously expanding geographic scope of this war.
In July, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) recorded rising civilian casualties across 18 regions of Ukraine and in Kyiv City.
With at least 1,674 civilian casualties - 286 killed and 1,388 injured – July set a new, tragic record for monthly casualties since May 2022.
In total, OHCHR has verified that since the start of the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, 14,054 civilians, including 730 children, have been killed in Ukraine. 36,164 civilians, including 2,263 children, have been injured.
The impact of the conflict has also spread to the Russian Federation, where local authorities have reported civilian casualties, including in the Belgorod, Kursk and Bryansk regions bordering Ukraine.
On 24 August, Russian officials reported that a fire broke out after a Ukrainian drone was shot down near the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant, damaging a transformer at the site.
We have also seen several reports of Ukrainian strikes on oil refineries inside Russia.
While the United Nations is not in a position to verify these reports, the growing impact of the conflict on the civilian population in the Russian Federation is of concern, too.
We once again reiterate that attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure violate international humanitarian law. We condemn all such attacks, wherever they occur. They are unacceptable and must end immediately.
Mr. President,
We are also concerned about the impact of the expanding and escalating fighting on the humanitarian situation in Ukraine as we are entering the fourth winter of the full-scale war.
The United Nations remains fully committed to supporting Ukrainian civilians. So far this year, together with our humanitarian partners, we have reached 3.8 million people with aid.
Furthermore, targeted winter support preparations are underway for 1.7 million people through the 2025-2026 Winterization Response Plan.
However, for us to be able to continue our life-saving work, scaled up and flexible donor support is urgently needed.
We also continue to urge the sides to fulfill their obligations under international humanitarian law, and allow for the safe, rapid, and unimpeded humanitarian access to civilians in need – no matter where they are or who controls the territory.
Mr. President,
The mounting death toll and devastation caused by the intensifying fighting over the summer run counter to the significant efforts over the past few months to give diplomacy a chance.
The Secretary-General has welcomed the recent diplomatic efforts led by the United States, including the meeting between the Presidents of the United States and the Russian Federation in Anchorage, on 15 August, and the meeting between the Presidents of the United States and Ukraine and European leaders in Washington D.C. on 18 August.
We have also welcomed the earlier three rounds of direct talks between Ukraine and the Russian Federation in Istanbul between May and July.
We commend the exchanges of prisoners of war that have continued to take place as a result of these contacts. Most recently, on 24 August, an exchange, facilitated by the United Arab Emirates, brought 146 prisoners home from each side.
However, as large-scale attacks against civilians persist and civilian casualties rise, the current diplomatic momentum is at risk of rapidly fading if the focus on the need to end the violence and engage in genuine peace talks is not maintained.
We therefore urge all concerned to urgently de-escalate the situation and to redouble efforts to create conditions for inclusive diplomatic efforts towards a cessation of hostilities and a just peace.
On Sunday, 25 August, Ukraine marked its 34th Independence Day. That day also marked three and a half years of full-scale war for the people of Ukraine and Russia, which has continued to be a source of instability regionally and globally.
We renew the Secretary-General’s appeal for a full, immediate and unconditional ceasefire. A ceasefire that results in a just, comprehensive, and sustainable peace in Ukraine – one that fully upholds Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, in line with the UN Charter, international law and relevant UN resolutions.
The United Nations remains ready to support all efforts to this end.
Thank you.
In the occupied West Bank village of Kufr Qaddum, *Yousef stands behind a sealed iron gate, cut off from the olive trees that have sustained his family for generations.
The UN Secretary-General appealed on Friday for an immediate ceasefire in and around the besieged Sudanese city of El Fasher, where hundreds of thousands of civilians have been trapped for over a year.
Amid reports of increased Israeli military operations across Gaza City on Friday, UN aid agencies repeated urgent warnings of ongoing famine and a likely rise in preventable disease, linked to the dire living conditions in the war-shattered enclave.
In Iran, the increase in executions carried out this year indicates that the death penalty is being used as a tool of State intimidation, the UN human rights office (OHCHR) said on Friday.
In the occupied West Bank village of Kufr Qaddum, *Yousef stands behind a sealed iron gate, cut off from the olive trees that have sustained his family for generations.
